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Security/Guidelines/Web Security: Difference between revisions
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* <tt>max-age:</tt> how long user agents will redirect to HTTPS, in seconds | * <tt>max-age:</tt> how long user agents will redirect to HTTPS, in seconds | ||
* <tt>includeSubDomains:</tt> whether user agents should upgrade requests on subdomains | * <tt>includeSubDomains:</tt> whether user agents should upgrade requests on subdomains | ||
* <tt>preload:</tt> whether the site should be included in the [https://hstspreload. | * <tt>preload:</tt> whether the site should be included in the [https://hstspreload.org/ HSTS preload list] | ||
<tt>max-age</tt> must be set to a minimum of six months (15768000), but longer periods such as | <tt>max-age</tt> must be set to a minimum of six months (15768000), but longer periods such as two years (63072000) are recommended. Note that once this value is set, the site must continue to support HTTPS until the expiry time has been reached. | ||
<tt>includeSubDomains</tt> notifies the browser that all subdomains of the current origin should also be upgraded via HSTS. For example, setting <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> on <tt>domain.mozilla.com</tt> will also set it on <tt>host1.domain.mozilla.com</tt> and <tt>host2.domain.mozilla.com</tt>. Extreme care is needed when setting the <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> flag, as it could disable sites on subdomains that don't yet have HTTPS enabled. | <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> notifies the browser that all subdomains of the current origin should also be upgraded via HSTS. For example, setting <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> on <tt>domain.mozilla.com</tt> will also set it on <tt>host1.domain.mozilla.com</tt> and <tt>host2.domain.mozilla.com</tt>. Extreme care is needed when setting the <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> flag, as it could disable sites on subdomains that don't yet have HTTPS enabled. | ||
<tt>preload</tt> allows the website to be included in the [https://hstspreload. | <tt>preload</tt> allows the website to be included in the [https://hstspreload.org/ HSTS preload list], upon submission. As a result, web browsers will do HTTPS upgrades to the site without ever having to receive the initial HSTS header. This prevents downgrade attacks upon first use and is recommended for all high risk websites. Note that being included in the HSTS preload list requires that <tt>includeSubDomains</tt> also be set. | ||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
<pre># Only connect to this site via HTTPS for the | <pre># Only connect to this site via HTTPS for the two years (recommended) | ||
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age= | Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000</pre> | ||
<pre># Only connect to this site and subdomains via HTTPS for the next | <pre># Only connect to this site and subdomains via HTTPS for the next two years and also include in the preload list | ||
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age= | Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload</pre> | ||
=== See Also === | === See Also === | ||
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* [http://www.cspplayground.com/ Content Security Policy Playground] | * [http://www.cspplayground.com/ Content Security Policy Playground] | ||
* [https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP2/ Content Security Policy Level 2 Standard] | * [https://www.w3.org/TR/CSP2/ Content Security Policy Level 2 Standard] | ||
* [https://csp-evaluator.withgoogle.com/ Google CSP Evaluator] | |||
* [[#X-Frame-Options|Using the frame-ancestors directive to prevent framing]] | * [[#X-Frame-Options|Using the frame-ancestors directive to prevent framing]] | ||
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== Directives == | == Directives == | ||
* Name: Cookie names may be either be prepended with either <tt>__Secure-</tt> or <tt>__Host-</tt> to prevent cookies from being overwritten by insecure sources | |||
** Use <tt>__Host-</tt> for all cookies needed only on a specific domain (no subdomains) where <tt>Path</tt> is set to <tt>/</tt> | |||
** Use <tt>__Secure-</tt> for all other cookies sent from secure origins (such as HTTPS) | |||
* <tt>Secure</tt>: All cookies must be set with the <tt>Secure</tt> flag, indicating that they should only be sent over HTTPS | * <tt>Secure</tt>: All cookies must be set with the <tt>Secure</tt> flag, indicating that they should only be sent over HTTPS | ||
* <tt>HttpOnly:</tt> Cookies that don't require access from JavaScript should be set with the <tt>HttpOnly</tt> flag | * <tt>HttpOnly:</tt> Cookies that don't require access from JavaScript should be set with the <tt>HttpOnly</tt> flag | ||
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* <tt>Domain:</tt> Cookies should only be set with this if they need to be accessible on other domains, and should be set to the most restrictive domain possible | * <tt>Domain:</tt> Cookies should only be set with this if they need to be accessible on other domains, and should be set to the most restrictive domain possible | ||
* <tt>Path:</tt> Cookies should be set to the most restrictive path possible, but for most applications this will be set to the root directory | * <tt>Path:</tt> Cookies should be set to the most restrictive path possible, but for most applications this will be set to the root directory | ||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
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* [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265 RFC 6265 (HTTP Cookies)] | * [https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6265 RFC 6265 (HTTP Cookies)] | ||
* [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-west-cookie-prefixes HTTP Cookie Prefixes | * [https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-west-cookie-prefixes HTTP Cookie Prefixes] | ||
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! scope="col" style="width: 6em;" | Editor | ! scope="col" style="width: 6em;" | Editor | ||
! Changes | ! Changes | ||
|- | |||
| style="padding-left: .5em; text-align: left;" | June, 2017 | |||
| align="center" | April | |||
| style="padding-left: .5em;" | Moved cookie prefixes to no longer be experimental | |||
|- | |- | ||
| style="padding-left: .5em; text-align: left;" | November, 2016 | | style="padding-left: .5em; text-align: left;" | November, 2016 | ||